Concept Note for the Africa Cardiometabolic Summit (ACS) 

Background 

Cardio-renal-metabolic, including hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) diseases represent a growing public health crisis globally. These conditions are intricately linked, often coexisting and sharing common risk factors. The interplay of these diseases amplifies their impact, leading to higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, particularly in resource-limited settings like Africa.  

Hypertension in Africa 

Hypertension, often termed the "silent killer," is a major public health issue, affecting an estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30-79 years worldwide. Nearly two-thirds of these individuals live in low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are responsible for over 20.5 million deaths annually. In Africa, the prevalence of hypertension is alarmingly high, with estimates suggesting that over 46% of adults are affected, many of whom are undiagnosed or inadequately treated. This silent epidemic is a leading cause of CVD, including heart failure, stroke, and kidney damage. 

Diabetes in Africa 

According to a new study published in the Lancet, more than 800 million adults have diabetes worldwide. Additionally, recent data suggests that the number of people living with diabetes globally could soar to 1.3 billion by 2050, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to address this epidemic. The most significant increases are expected in Africa, driven by rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, and inadequate healthcare systems. Shockingly, over 60% of people with diabetes in Africa remain undiagnosed, leaving them at risk for complications such as CKD and cardiovascular diseases. This gap highlights the urgent need for improved screening, diagnosis, and care. 

Chronic Kidney Disease in Africa 

CKD is a growing concern, often resulting from poorly managed diabetes and hypertension. Africa faces a disproportionately high burden of CKD due to late diagnosis, limited access to dialysis, and inadequate treatment options. CKD prevalence is estimated at 13% globally, with Africa bearing a significant share of the burden. The condition is often undiagnosed until its advanced stages, compounding the risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality.